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Sanchar Saathi Digital Security versus Civil Liberty in India 's Smartphone Era

Dr. A. Shaji George — 2025-12-25

In December 2024, India briefly issued a directive, obliging all smartphones to pre-install the Sanchar Saathi cybersecurity app. The mandate was abandoned within 24 hours under strong popular criticism and industry pressure. The rapid turnaround demonstrates democracies reaction to the issues in technology policy and the effect of social responsibility. The population of mobile users in India is 1.2 mobile users but only 37% digitally literate. Another problem that the country has to deal with is the issues of huge underground markets of stolen phones with false IMEI numbers and advanced digital fraud. The first option was a state-operated application that demanded a large percentage of device rights. This posed some serious concerns regarding constitutional privacy, openness in technology, and the way in which democratic institutions manage such requests. The justification used by the government to justify the turnaround was 600,000 voluntary registrations in a day, 10 times the amount. Although it is democratic responsive, it does not address the fundamental cybersecurity lapses. The article considers technical architecture, international precedents and constitutional structures by analyzing this policy episode. It holds that there is a false dichotomy between security and privacy. The article provides alternatives that can be put into practice to protect citizens without interfering with civil liberties, which are listed using examples of Singapore, EU, and other jurisdictions. It provides some handy resources that can be used by legislators, technology companies, civil society, and individuals to demand privacy-friendly security systems. Although the controversy was settled within a short period of time, it was a major landmark not only in India, but also in the way developing democracies in the world influence the digital sovereignty in the face of increasing technological governance pressures.

India's New Labor Codes A Critical Analysis of Promise, Peril, and the Path Forward

Dr. A. Shaji George — 2025-12-25

One of the most important reforms in terms of labor market since independence was the consolidation of 29 colonial-era labor legislations into four simplified codes. It has a direct influence on 610 million workers. This paper provides an in depth commentary on the Code on Wages, the Industrial Relations Code, the Code on Social Security and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code. The study explores positive aspects like increased protections to workers in the gig-economy, the requirement to formalize employment relations, and shorter eligibility periods to gratuities, and concerning ones, including jettisoning collective bargaining and raising the threshold to layoffs and cutting instant take-home funds via restructured salary packages. By means of calculations, international comparisons, and analysis of the stakeholders, the study demonstrates the fact that the codes are neither unquestionably progressive nor retrogressive. Instead, they produce controversial land it is the quality of implementation that will determine whether modernization will help workers or their capital only. This article also provides practical measures to workers, employers, policymakers and advocates and argues that the results of protection depend more on the political goodwill to implement protections rather than the codes.

Effect of Market Orientation on Firm Performance the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Case of Small and Medium Sized Enterprise (SMEs) in Ethiopia

Gada Gizachew Wakjira — 2025-12-25

Market orientation is the line with increasing a global market competition of an organizational culture that most effectively and efficiently creates the necessary behaviors for the creation of superior value for buyers and EO that indicated the prime motives behind these changes are digitization and the dynamic turbulent business environment of firms. The study aimed to examine the effect of strategic innovation on the performance of SMEs in selected Oromia regional state in Finfinne Zuria and East Shewa, Ethiopia. The target population of the study was 19,709 SMEs of firms in Bole Lemi IP cluster, number respondents provided from Sheger zuria Oromia, Ethiopia SMEs data during collected 2024. Data were drawn and collected from a sample of 390 from textile and manufacturing industry, using the quantitative, a cross-sectional and primary data collected from Textile and Apparel manufacturing industry, in Oromia Regional state selected from Bole Lemi IP cluster, located From Sheger Zuria. The study was adopted descriptive study of study the mean used to measure to located for distribution of response and dispersion of the respondents to a particular questions will be explained, CFA to testing the model which are individual, measurement and to construct SEM as the main aspect for the relationships amongst latent variables, and other indicators was designed to analysis and to evaluate the effect of Market Orientation with firm performance in SMEs that Mediated with Entrepreneurial Orientation. the standardized regression results estimate shows the direct effect of Market Orientation with performance has positively influenced with firm performance in SMEs, the direct effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation with performance has a negative effect with firm performance in SMEs, the direct effect of Market Orientation with Entrepreneurial Orientation has positively influenced in SMEs and the indirect mediation effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation between Market Orientation and Firm performance in SMEs has positively influenced Oromia regional Sate Sheger Zuria SMEs hat Alignment, Human Capital, customer insights and Tec. Capabilities has positively influenced with firm performance in SMEs in Bole Lami IP Cluster of textile and apparel manufacturing industry in the study area, respectively.

The Effect of Strategic Innovation on Firm Performance: Evidence From Small Medium Sized-Enterprises in Selected Towns of Sheger Zuria and East Shewa, Ethiopia

Gada Gizachew Wakjira — 2025-12-25

Strategic innovation do need to make change goods & services they sell to their customer value, nor technologies that support these product to be successful in organization and this types of innovation is highly essential for organization to adapt the speed of technology and rapidly change in industry. This study aimed to examine the effect of strategic innovation on the performance of SMEs in selected Oromia regional state in Finfinnee Zuria and East Shewa, Ethiopia. The target population of the study was 19,709 SMEs of firms in Bole Lemi IP, and Adama IP cluster, number respondents provided from Finfinnee zuria and East Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia SMEs data during collected 2024. Data were drawn and collected from a sample of 392 from textile and manufacturing industry, using the quantitative, cross-sectional and primary data collected from Textile and Apparel manufacturing industry, in Oromia Regional state selected from Bole Lemi IP and in Adama IP cluster, located From Finfinnee Zuria and East Shewa. The study was adopted descriptive study of Demographic information and explanatory and inferential research designs, and to use correlation analyses and multiple linear regression data analysis to evaluate the influence of strategic innovation with firm performance in SMEs. The regression coefficient results revealed that Alignment, Human Capital, customer insights and Tec. Capabilities has positively influenced with firm performance in SMEs, respectively.

However, strategic alignment has a Medium Relationship with Firm performance in SMEs, Human Capital and Technological Capabilities has a Strong relationship with Firm Performance in SMEs and Customer insight has Very strong relationship with Firm performance in SMEs has respectively and it has supported to increase have better performance in textile and apparel manufacturing industry in the study area.

Unbiased Estimator of Population Harmonic Mean

Dhritikesh Chakrabarty — 2025-12-25

The thrust in the study behind this article is to search for an unbiased estimator of population harmonic mean of a population based on random sample drawn from it. Description of the estimator obtained has been presented, in this article, along with numerical example.

Correlation Analysis of Educative Experience and Finances in the Business Entrepreneurship in Baja California, Mexico

Ismael Mata Bojórquez — 2025-12-25

Entrepreneurship development is very important to the economy of every region in the world. This relevant activity is of great interest in the field of finance, which involves the management of human, material, and economic resources. Great entrepreneurs face significant challenges and must have knowledge in finance to control the processes of the business activity they wish to develop. Financial management is of great support to achieving success for both industrial and commercial companies. In every entrepreneurial activity, relevant aspects related to finance must be considered, such as planning and budgeting, cost control, cash flow, financing and capital, and financial analysis; each of which has its role to ensure the optimal development of the business. Furthermore, entrepreneurs must have knowledge of educational finance, financial tools, adequate staff hiring, constant monitoring of entrepreneurial and business activities, and always be prepared for unexpected factors that can generate imbalances in the entrepreneurial enterprise. In this research analysis, an evaluation was conducted in three cities in the state of Baja California, the most important in this region of the Mexican Republic: Ensenada, Mexicali, and Tijuana. Surveys were conducted on the entrepreneurial process and its relationship to finance. The research was conducted from January to June 2025, yielding significant results.